List of British Rail electric multiple units (Johnsonverse)

This page lists every electric-powered multiple unit allocated a TOPS classification or used on the mainline network since 1948 (i.e. British Railways and post-privatisation). For a historical overview of electric multiple unit development in Great Britain, see British electric multiple units.

British Rail operated a wide variety of electric multiple units for use on electrified lines:

• AC units operate off 25 kV alternating current (AC) from overhead wires. Where clearances for the overhead wires on the Great Eastern Main Line and London, Tilbury and Southend railway routes were below standard, a reduced voltage of 6.25 kV AC was used. The Midland Railway units used 6.6 kV AC. Under the computer numbering, AC units (including mixed-voltage units that can also work off a DC supply) were given a class in the range 300-399.
• DC units operate off 650-850 V direct current (DC) from a third rail on the Southern Region and North London, Merseyside and Tyneside networks. The Manchester-Bury Railway line used 1,200 V DC from a side-contact third rail. The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham and "Woodhead" and initially the Great Eastern Railway routes used 1,500 V DC from overhead wires. Under the computer numbering, DC units were given a class in the range 400-599.

AC EMUs and dual-voltage EMUs

First Generation

TOPS Class	Pre-TOPS Class	Name or Information	Built	Quantity (sets)	Sector	Withdrawn	Notes	Bodyshell Basis
	ex-Ex-MR units	Lancaster-Morecambe-Heysham	1908	3 (4-car)	N/A	1953		N/A
Class 300		Proposed parcels units				Never built	Planned parcels conversation from Class 307
	AM1	25 kV AC prototype units	1952	4		1966
Class 302	AM2	London-Tilbury-Southend	1958–60	112	Network SouthEast	1999		Mark 1
Class 303	AM3	Strathclyde. Also on Greater Manchester area services during 1980s/early 1990s.	1959-61	91		2001-02	75613 from unit 303013 is still in use with the British Transport Police
Class 304	AM4	Greater Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham 1959 EMU	1960	45	Regional Railways	1992-96
Class 305	AM5	Chingford, Enfield 1959 EMU	1959	71	Regional Railways	1992–2001
Class 306	AM6	Shenfield (inner-suburban)	1949	92	Network SouthEast	1981	Ordered by LNER in 1938, but construction was delayed due to World War II.
Class 307	AM7	Southend (outer-suburban)	1954-56	32		1990-93	43 survived as parcel units until 2000
Class 308	AM8	Eastern Region lines 1959 EMU	1959	45		2001-02
Class 309	AM9	Clacton Express	1962-63	76		2000
Class 310	AM10	Euston outer-suburban. Also West Midlands	1965-67	50		1967 (1) 1989 (1) 2001–2002	310109 and 310113 survived in departmental use until 2005	Mark 2
Class 311	AM11	Strathclyde	1967	19		1990	311103-4 survived in departmental use until 1999	Mark 1
Class 312		Great Eastern suburban Great Northern suburban West Midlands (four units)	1875-78	49		2003-04		Mark 2

Second Generation

TOPS Class	Built for	Current Sector(s)	Current route(s)	Builder	Number built	Withdrawn	Notes	Bodyshell Basis
Class 313	Eastern Region (Great Northern suburban)	Network SouthEast	Brighton to Lewes Brighton to Seaford Brighton to Hove Brighton to West Worthing Littlehampton to Portsmouth & Southsea Littlehampton to Bognor Regis Barnham to Bognor Regis	BREL York 1976-1977	64 x 3-car sets	still in use	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	N/A
Class 314	Scottish Region (Argyle Line)	ScotRail	None	BREL York 1979	16 x 3-car sets	2018–19
Class 315	Eastern Region (Great Eastern suburban)	Network SouthEast	Liverpool Street to Shenfield	BREL York 1980-1981	61 x 4-car sets	2018-21
Class 317	Class 317/1 London Midland Region Class 317/2 Eastern Region (Bedpan and Great Northern lines)		London Liverpool Street - Hertford East Stratford - Meridian Water Stratford - Bishop's Stortford London Liverpool Street - Cambridge North	BREL York 1981-1982 (317/1) 1985-1987 (317/2)	72 x 4-car sets	still in use		Mark 3
Class 318	Scottish Region	ScotRail	London Euston – Tring London Euston – Milton Keynes Central London Euston – Northampton Watford Junction – St Albans Abbey Milngavie to Motherwell Dalmuir to Larkhall Dalmuir to Whifflet Balloch to Airdrie Dumbarton Central to Springburn Glasgow Central to Newton Glasgow Central to Neilston Glasgow Central to Neilston Glasgow Central to Paisley Canal Glasgow Central to Lanark Glasgow Central to Gourock Glasgow Central to Wemyss Bay	BREL York 1985-1986	21 x 3-car sets
Class 319	Thameslink	Network SouthEast	Liverpool Lime Street to Blackpool North Liverpool Lime Street to Wigan North Western Liverpool Lime Street to Blackpool North Liverpool Lime Street to Warrington Bank Quay Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe Manchester Piccadilly to Crewe Manchester Victoria to Preston	BREL York 1987-1988 (319/0) 1990 (319/1)	86 x 4-car sets		DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support
Class 320	Scottish Region	ScotRail	Milngavie to Motherwell Dalmuir to Larkhall Dalmuir to Whifflet Balloch to Airdrie Dumbarton Central to Springburn	BREL York 1990	22 x 3-car sets
Class 321	London Midland Region (Great Eastern and Euston, and West Yorkshire services)	Network SouthEast	London Liverpool Street - Norwich London Liverpool Street - Southend Victoria Wickford - Southminster London Liverpool Street - Ipswich London Liverpool Street - Colchester Town London Liverpool Street - Clacton-on-Sea London Liverpool Street - Braintree Colchester - Walton-on-the-Naze Colchester - Colchester Town Manningtree - Harwich Town London Liverpool Street - Harwich International	BREL York 1988-1991	117 x 4-car sets
Class 322	Stansted Express		London Liverpool Street - Southend Victoria Wickford - Southminster London Liverpool Street - Ipswich London Liverpool Street - Colchester Town London Liverpool Street - Clacton-on-Sea London Liverpool Street - Braintree Colchester - Walton-on-the-Naze Colchester - Colchester Town Manningtree - Harwich Town London Liverpool Street - Harwich International	BREL York 1990	5 x 4-car sets
Class 325	Rail Express Systems (for Royal Mail)	Rail Express Systems	All overhead electrified lines	BREL Derby 1995-1996	16 x 4-car units		DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support

Modern/Third generation

These use solid state switching devices (thyristors and transistors) and have electronic power control.
TOPS Class	Built For	Current Sector(s)	Current route(s)	Builder	Quantity	Notes	Bodyshell Basis
Class 323	London Midland Region (West Midlands and Greater Manchester services)	Regional Railways Northern	Liverpool Lime Street to Warrington Bank Quay Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe Manchester Piccadilly to Crewe Manchester Piccadilly to Hadfield Lichfield Trent Valley – Bromsgrove Four Oaks – Redditch Birmingham International – Birmingham New Street Birmingham New Street – Rugeley Trent Valley Birmingham International – Rugeley Trent Valley Wolverhampton – Birmingham New Street Birmingham New Street – Walsall Wolverhampton – Walsall	BREL 1992-1996	43 x 3-car sets		Mark 4
Class 331 Civity	London Midland Region (Manchester, Liverpool, and Leeds suburban)	Northern	Manchester Airport to Blackpool North Hazel Grove to Blackpool North Manchester Victoria to Preston Liverpool Lime Street to Blackpool North Liverpool Lime Street to Wigan North Western Liverpool Lime Street to Blackpool North Liverpool Lime Street to Warrington Bank Quay Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe Blackpool North to Manchester Airport Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe Manchester Piccadilly to Crewe Southport to Alderley Edge Manchester Piccadilly to Stoke-on-Trent Blackpool North to Hazel Grove Manchester Victoria to Preston Leeds to Bradford Forster Square Leeds to Ilkley Bradford Forster Square to Ilkley Leeds to Skipton Bradford Forster Square to Skipton Leeds to Doncaster	BREL Newport 2017-2020	31 x 3-car units 12 x 4-car units		Mark 7
Class 332	Heathrow Express	InterCity	Withdrawn 2020	BREL 1997-1998	9 x 4-car sets 5 x 5-car sets		Mark 5
Class 333	London Midland Region (West Yorkshire services)	Northern	Leeds to Bradford Forster Square Leeds to Ilkley Bradford Forster Square to Ilkley Leeds to Skipton Bradford Forster Square to Skipton	BREL 2000-2001	16 x 4-car sets		Mark 5
Class 334 Juniper	Strathclyde	ScotRail	Milngavie to Motherwell Dalmuir to Larkhall Dalmuir to Whifflet Helensburgh Central to Edinburgh Waverley Milngavie to Edinburgh Waverley Balloch to Airdrie Dumbarton Central to Springburn	BREL Birmingham 1999-2002	40 x 3-car sets		Mark 5
Class 345 Aventra	Western and Eastern Regions (Crossrail Project)	Network SouthEast	Liverpool Street to Shenfield Paddington to Reading Paddington to Hayes & Harlington Paddington to Heathrow Terminal 4	BREL Derby 2015-2019	70 x 9-car sets		Mark 7
Class 350 (II) Desiro	London Midland Region (regional services)	Network SouthEast Regional Railways	London Euston – Tring London Euston – Milton Keynes Central London Euston – Northampton London Euston – Birmingham New Street Northampton – Birmingham New Street London Euston – Crewe Birmingham New Street – Crewe Birmingham New Street – Liverpool Lime Street Birmingham International – Birmingham New Street Birmingham New Street – Rugeley Trent Valley Birmingham International – Rugeley Trent Valley Wolverhampton – Birmingham New Street Birmingham New Street – Walsall Wolverhampton – Walsall	BREL 2004-2005 2008-2009 2013-2014	87 x 4-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 6
Class 357 Electrostar	Southern Region (London, Tilbury and Southend Railway)	Network SouthEast	Fenchurch Street to Shoeburyness via Basildon Fenchurch Street to Southend Central via Ockendon Fenchurch Street to Grays via Rainham	BREL Derby 1999-2002	74 x 4-car sets		Mark 5
Class 360 Desiro	Western and London Midland Regions (Heathrow Express and Great Northern suburban)		London St Pancras – Corby	BREL 2002-2003 2004-2005	21 x 4-car sets 5 x 5-car sets		Mark 6
Class 375 Electrostar	Southern Region (London commuter)		London Victoria to Ramsgate via Faversham London Victoria to Dover Priory via Faversham Sittingbourne to Sheerness-on-Sea (branch line) London Victoria to Ashford International via Maidstone East London Charing Cross to Ramsgate via Tonbridge London Charing Cross to Hastings Strood to Paddock Wood London Victoria to Orpington via Beckenham Junction	BREL Derby 1999-2005	10 x 3-car sets 102 x 4-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 5
Class 376 Electrostar	Southern Region (London commuter)		London Cannon Street to London Cannon Street via Greenwich (clockwise) London Charing Cross to Dartford via Blackheath and Abbey Wood London Charing Cross to Dartford via Bexleyheath London Victoria to Dartford via Bexleyheath London Cannon Street to London Cannon Street via Sidcup (anticlockwise London Charing Cross to Gravesend via Sidcup London Cannon Street to Orpington via Grove Park London Charing Cross to Sevenoaks via Grove Park London Cannon Street to Hayes London Victoria to Orpington via Beckenham Junction	BREL Derby 2004-2005	36 x 5-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 6
Class 377 Electrostar			London Victoria to Ramsgate via Faversham London Victoria to Dover Priory via Faversham London Victoria to Ashford International via Maidstone East	BREL Derby 2001-2005 2008-2009 2013-2014	28 x 3-car sets 177 x 4-car sets 34 x 5-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 5
Class 378 Capitalstar			Dalston Junction to New Cross Dalston Junction to Clapham Junction Highbury & Islington to Crystal Palace Highbury & Islington to West Croydon Richmond to Stratford Clapham Junction to Stratford	BREL Derby 2008-2011	57 x 5-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 6
Class 380 Desiro	Scottish Region (Glasgow and Edinburgh services)	ScotRail	Glasgow Central to Newton Glasgow Central to Neilston Glasgow Central to Glasgow Central via Cathcart Glasgow Central to Paisley Canal Glasgow Central to Edinburgh Waverley Glasgow Central to Gourock Glasgow Central to Wemyss Bay Glasgow Central to Ayr Glasgow Central to Ardrossan Harbour Glasgow Central to Largs Glasgow Central to Edinburgh Waverley Edinburgh Waverley to Dunbar Edinburgh Waverley to North Berwick	BREL 2009-2011	22 x 3-car sets 16 x 4-car sets		Mark 6
Class 387 Electrostar	Southern Regions (London, Tilbury and Southend Railway)	Network SouthEast	Fenchurch Street to Shoeburyness via Basildon Fenchurch Street to Southend Central via Ockendon Fenchurch Street to Grays via Rainham	BREL Derby 2014-2017	107 x 4-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 7
Class 701 Aventra	Southern Region (Reading, Windsor & South West London suburban)	Network SouthEast	To enter service May 2021	BREL 2019-	30 x 5-car sets 60 x 10-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 7
Class 707 Desiro City	Southern Region (London suburban)	Network SouthEast	London Waterloo to Weybridge London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Whitton London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Kingston (anticlockwise) London Waterloo to Windsor & Eton Riverside London Waterloo to Chessington South London Waterloo to Dorking London Waterloo to Guildford via Epsom London Waterloo to Shepperton London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Kingston (clockwise)	BREL 2015-2018	30 x 5-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 7
Class 710 Aventra	London Midland Region (Inner London suburban)	Network SouthEast	Watford Junction to London Euston Gospel Oak to Barking London Liverpool Street to Enfield Town London Liverpool Street to Cheshunt London Liverpool Street to Chingford Romford to Upminster	BREL Derby 2017-2020	48 x 4-car sets 6 x 5-car sets	DC 600-750 V 3rd rail support	Mark 7
Class 720 Aventra	Eastern Region (Great Northern suburban)	Network SouthEast	London Liverpool Street - Norwich London Liverpool Street - Southend Victoria Wickford - Southminster London Liverpool Street - Ipswich London Liverpool Street - Colchester Town London Liverpool Street - Clacton-on-Sea London Liverpool Street - Braintree Colchester - Walton-on-the-Naze Colchester - Colchester Town Manningtree - Harwich Town	BREL Derby 2018-2020	133 x 5-car sets 6 x 10-car sets		Mark 7

High speed trains

TOPS Class	Built for	Current Sector(s)	Current route(s)	Builder	Number built	Bodyshell Basis
Class 370 APT-P	prototype APT	N/A	Withdrawn 1985–1986	BREL Derby 1979	6 x 7-car half sets 2 spare cars	Mark 3
Class 373 TGV	Eurostar	Eurostar	London–Paris London–Brussels London–Marne-la-Vallée – Chessy London–Bourg Saint Maurice London–Marseille - Saint-Charles	GEC Alsthom, La Brugeoise et Nivelles 1992-1996	14 x 8-car half sets 62 x 10-car half sets 1 spare car	TGV
Class 374 Velaro UK	Eurostar	Eurostar	London–Paris London–Brussels London–Amsterdam Centraal	Siemens 2011-2018	34 x 8-car half sets	TGV
Class 390 Pendolino	London Midlands Region (WCML)	InterCity	London Euston to Birmingham New Street London Euston to Manchester Piccadilly via Stoke-on-Trent London Euston to Manchester Piccadilly via Crewe London Euston to Liverpool Lime Street London Euston to Glasgow Central London Euston to Preston or Edinburgh Waverley via Birmingham New Street London Euston to Blackpool North via Birmingham New Street	BREL Birmingham 2001-2004 2010-2012	22 x 9-car sets 35 x 11-car sets	Mark 5
Class 395 Javelin	Southern Region (High Speed 1)	InterCity	London St Pancras International to Ramsgate via Faversham London St Pancras International to Dover Priory via Ashford International London St Pancras International to Margate via Canterbury West	BREL 2007-2009	29 x 6-car sets	Mark 6

DC EMUs

Southern Region units

The Southern Railway and its successor, the Southern Region of British Rail, used three letter codes to classify their DC EMU fleets, as shown after the TOPS class numbers. Southern Region EMUs were classified in the 400 series under TOPS.

Pre-Nationalisation

TOPS Class	SR Class	Name or Information	Built	Quantity (sets)	Withdrawn	Notes
Class 401	2-Bil		1935–38	151	1965–71
Class 402	2-Hal		1938–1939 1948 1955	100	1969–71
	2-Pan
	2-Nol		1934–36	78	1956–59
	2-SL	South London	1929	8	1954
	2-Wim	Wimbledon-Croydon	1929	4
	3-Sub		1946–51	184	1976–83
	4-Buf		1937-38	85	1964
Class 404	4-Cor				1968-71
	4-DD	Double Deck EMU	1949	2	1971
	4-Gri
	4-Lav		1930–32 1939–40	35	1968-69
	4-Res
Class 405	4-Sub		1941-51	185	1982-83
Class 403	5-Bel	Brighton Belle London Victoria-Brighton	1932	15	1972
	6-Cit	London Bridge-Brighton
	6-Pan	Pantry units
	6-Pul	Pullman London Victoria-Brighton

Mark 1 and 2 Bodyshell

TOPS Class	SR Class	Name or Information	Sector	Withdrawn
Class 410	4-Bep		Network SouthEast	2004-05
Class 411	4-Cep
Class 412	4-Bep
Class 413	4-Cap	2 x 2Hap permanently coupled		1994-95
Class 414	2-Hap			1982-95
Class 415	4-EPB			1984-95
Class 416	2-EPB			1985
Class 418	2-Sap	2Hap units with declassified 1st Class accommodation		1983
Class 419	MLV	London-Dover/Folkestone boat trains		1991-92
Class 420	4-Big			2003-10
Class 421	4/3-Cig 3-Cop	Last 2 units of this type in service were withdrawn in 2010
Class 422	4-Big 8-Dig
Class 423	4-Vep 4-Vop			2004-05
Class 427	4-Veg	First stock used for Gatwick Express	InterCity
Class 430	4-Rep		Network SouthEast	1990-92
Class 431	6-Rep
Class 432	4-Rep
Class 438	3-TC 4-TC			1988-89
Class 480	8-Vab			2004-05
Class 482 (I)	8-Mig			2003-10
Class 488		Gatwick Express Trailers	Network SouthEast	2000-05
Class 489	GLV	Gatwick Express driving trailers
Class 499	TLV			1975

Modern EMUS

TOPS Class	SR Class	Name or Information	Sector(s)	Current route(s)	Withdrawn	Bodyshell Basis
Class 424		Networker Classic Prototype	N/A	N/A	1997	N/A
Class 442	5-Wes	Wessex Express	Network SouthEast	London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Guildford	still in use	Mark 3
Class 444	5-Des			London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Winchester Southampton Central to Bournemouth London Waterloo to Weymouth London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Guildford		Mark 6
Class 445	4-Pep	Second Generation EMU prototype - 4 car		N/A	1980	Mark 3
Class 446	2-Pep	Second Generation EMU prototype - 2 car
Class 450	4-Des		Network SouthEast	London Waterloo to Basingstoke London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Winchester London Waterloo to Haslemere London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Guildford London Waterloo to Alton London Waterloo to Reading Ascot to Aldershot Guildford to Farnham Fratton to Southampton Central Brockenhurst to Lymington Pier	still in use	Mark 6
Class 455				London Waterloo to Weybridge London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Whitton London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Kingston (anticlockwise) London Waterloo to Windsor & Eton Riverside London Waterloo to Chessington South London Waterloo to Dorking London Waterloo to Guildford via Epsom London Waterloo to Shepperton London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Kingston (clockwise) London Waterloo to Hampton Court London Waterloo to Guildford via Claygate London Waterloo to Woking		Mark 3
Class 456						Mark 3
Class 457		DC Networker prototype		N/A	1990	Mark 3
Class 458	5-Jop	Juniper	Network SouthEast	London Waterloo to Weybridge London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Whitton London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Kingston (anticlockwise) London Waterloo to Windsor & Eton Riverside London Waterloo to Reading London Waterloo to London Waterloo via Kingston (clockwise)	still in use	Mark 5
Class 460	8-Gat	Juniper - Gatwick Express		N/A	2012	Mark 5
Class 465		Networker - 4 car	Network SouthEast	London Charing Cross to Hastings London Cannon Street to London Cannon Street via Greenwich (clockwise) London Charing Cross to Dartford via Blackheath and Abbey Wood London Charing Cross to Dartford via Bexleyheath London Victoria to Dartford via Bexleyheath London Cannon Street to London Cannon Street via Sidcup (anticlockwise) London Charing Cross to Gravesend via Sidcup London Cannon Street to Orpington via Grove Park London Charing Cross to Sevenoaks via Grove Park Grove Park to Bromley North (branch line) London Cannon Street to Hayes London Victoria to Orpington via Beckenham Junction	still in use	Mark 4
Class 466		Networker - 2 car

Other DC Units

The 500 series classes were reserved for miscellaneous DC EMUs not from the Southern Region. This included the DC (third/fourth rail) lines in North London, Manchester and Merseyside and the OHLE lines in Greater Manchester. The DC electric network around Tyneside had been de-electrified by the time TOPS was introduced, and the stock withdrawn or transferred to the Southern Region.

TOPS classes

Class	Info	Sector(s)	Withdrawn	Notes	Bodyshell Basis
Class 501	North London stock	Network SouthEast	1985	650 V Third & Fourth Rail	Mark 1
Class 502	Liverpool-Southport/Ormskirk stock	N/A	1980	650 V Third Rai
Class 503	Mersey-Wirral stock	N/A	1985	650 V Third Rail
Class 504	Manchester-Bury stock	Regional Railways	1991	1.2 kV Side Contact Third Rail (Unique on BR network)
Class 505	Manchester-Altrincham stock	N/A	1971	1.5 kV OHLE
Class 506	Manchester-Hadfield/Glossop stock	N/A	1984	1.5 kV OHLE
Class 507	Merseyside stock	Network SouthEast	still in use	750 V Third Rail	Mark 3
Class 508
Class 510	Original classification of Class 455				N/A

Pre-TOPS classes

• Ex-LNER Units (Tyneside stock)
• Ex-LNWR Units (North London stock)
• Ex-LOR Units (Liverpool Overhead Railway stock)
• Ex-LYR Units (Manchester-Bury stock)
• Ex-Mersey Railway Units (Merseyside DC stock)

See also

• List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes
• List of British Rail diesel multiple units